Date: 2024-10-04

Degree: Doctoral Thesis

Programme: Doctor of History

Authors: Ho Kuong Lei

Supervisors: Professor Wah Kwan Cheng, University of Saint Joseph

Abstract:

陳子褒是一名愛國教育者，他在近代粵港澳地區的教育改革上有着很重要的影響，在執數十年中他致力改革教育制度和着重發展婦孺和兒童教育，亦稱為婦孺之僕，顯示其對教育界所作的貢獻。

陳子褒曾參與傳統的科舉制度，後亦參加康、梁的百日維新運動，深受康有為思想的影響。後因，百日維新的失敗後逃亡至日本，參觀了日本的教育模式。回國後，在澳門創辦平民學校，後遷至香港，發展平民教育，為港澳的平民教育打下了基礎。另外，他的教育觀念充滿愛國意識，目的是為了提升國民的素質。他認為國家的強盛必須以教育作為基礎，所以他致力對教育作出改革及實踐。

陳子褒是中國最早實行男女共學，他的白話文教育更早過新文化運動，陳子褒的愛國教育思想反映在蒙學、婦女教育的平民教育上。他憑借教育來開啟國民的德、智、體，從而使國家富強。另外，他所編寫的教科書除了拋棄過往傳統的教育模式外，從他的教學內容中滲透着濃厚的愛國思想。

陳子褒一生都是以教育為主，但從他的思想上亦能反映了社會和政治的改變，他的教育亦影響着近代港澳教育的發展，而他的在教育上的地位貢獻是十分重要的，本文就他的教育貢獻作出研究以及他近代思想的變化。

關鍵詞: 澳門； 陳子褒； 愛國教育

Chen Zibao was a patriotic educator who was an important education reformer in the greater Canton area in modern times. Chen paid attention in reforming the education system and focusing on the development of women and children’s education. He was also known as the Servant of Women and Children, showing his contributions in education.

Chen Zibao participated in the traditional imperial examination system and then joined the Hundred Days Movement with Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Chen was deeply influenced by Kang’s thoughts. After, the failure of the Hundred Days Reform, Chen escaped to Japan and visited Japanese schools and studied the Japanese education model. When Chen came back to China, he founded a school for thr common people in Macau. He later moved to Hong Kong. Chen developed the foundation popular education in Macau and spread it to Hong Kong and even to Canton area.

In addition, his educational concepts were full of patriotic consciousness and his purpose was to improve the quality of the people. He believed that the prosperity of the country must be based on education, so he was committed to reforming and practicing education.

Chen Zibao was the first person in China to implement co-education for both men and women. His vernacular education also predated that of the New Culture Movement. Chen’s mass education was full of patriotism. Moreover, he wrote textbooks that abandoned the traditional model. He taught the students’ knowledge step-by-step. The traditional knowledge could not enlighten the students. As a result, he reformed the books and wrote textbooks that suitable for enlightening. He also promoted patriotism in his textbooks. His textbooks could also reflect the changes in his patriotic thoughts as society and political power changed.

Chen Zibao dedicated his life to education his thoughts reflected social and political changes. His education practice also affected the development of education in modern Hong Kong and Macao. His contribution in education was very important. Therefore, this thesis will study his educational contributions and his patriotic ideas.

Keywords: Macau, Chan Zibao, patriotic education