持續進修課程

（課程資料目前僅提供英文版本）

課程簡介 ：

Within the international community, it is a modern well-established trend – and fact – that the individual is strengthening its international capacity in a variety of domains.

The archaic concept of an international community and an international law solely reserved for the sovereign States as a sort of private exclusive club is no longer feasible, no longer adequate, no longer synchronized with reality. The concept of state sovereignty proper no longer can be described nor understood as being the same classical one brought forward by Jean Bodin and with its probable climax in the 19th century.

The individual, as usually is termed, that is, the human person, is undeniably a subject of international law, and one is not referring to the so-called sociological approaches some time ago influential in some European circles.

International Law attributes directly to the human beings’ rights, as it ascribes judicial or quasi-judicial mechanisms to defend such rights: just think of international human rights law, both universal and regional, or the protection of people such as civilians, children, medical personnel, that is the international humanitarian law; but not only.

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However, and from «immemorial» times, international law also proscribes duties, such as in the field of international criminal law. This is another undeniable fact.

The course will focus on the international protection of the human person rights; thus, it will approach several fields of international law: the obvious International Human Rights, but also International Humanitarian Law, International criminal procedure Law, Diplomatic protection
How and when the rights of the individuals, of the human beings, are endowed protection by international legal system(s). As seen, naturally, when dealing with Human Rights. But more than that. The application of IHL, namely the Geneva bloc, fundamentally addresses the protection of individuals as its primary goal: hors combat, civilians, prisoners, wounded, medical personnel, humanitarian workers, journalists, women and children, particularly.

International Criminal Law punishes individuals, as well known, by crimes committed against other individuals (thus, reflexive protection, one may argue) such as war crimes, crimes against humanity. However, in the procedural law aspect, it does establish a number of rights and guarantees to those accused individuals.

Diplomatic protection, once considered solely as a protection of the State (of the national individual at stake) is gaining traction and more and more viewed as also another line of protection of individuals by virtue of international law rules.

Perhaps more areas or branches of international law can be called in here, either at present or at a near future.

The individual is gaining ground – and way long not merely a beachhead – in the international legal system(s) as a true subject of law and, gradually, enhancing the measure of its international law capacity and, consequentially, the international protection of the human person rights is a growing and more relevant field. These issues no longer are an exclusive domestic matter.

 

教學計劃 / 主題：

1. International Law: a general introduction

2. Idem – International Law: character, problems and prospect

3. International relations: a brief

4. International Law vis-à-vis the individual – Introduction, history and context: from an inter-state system to?

5. International community: an introduction and perspectives of evolution especially regarding the Individual

6. Subjects of international law: notions, varied perspectives, historical evolution, prospects

(了解更多…)

7. The individual (human being and collective persons) and international law «today» – some general issues: v.g. rights and duties, substantive aspects and procedural issues, international individual obligations, personality versus capacity, Human Rights versus Other Rights

8. Idem: International Responsibility of the Individual

9. Idem: Legal foundations for the Individual International Legal Personality and the Question of its Independence from the State

10. Some particular areas: Protection against Acts of Violence and Forces of Nature, International Legal Status of Victims of Crime

11. Rights as a Paradigm of Modernity of International Law and International Community

12. In particular branches of Law: In International Human Rights Law

13. In International Humanitarian Law

14. In International criminal and international criminal procedure Law

15. (Revamped) Diplomatic protection: Individual Rights in Diplomatic Protection

16. Individual Rights in Consular Law

17. The human person and other fields of international law: a brief – v.g. Investment Protection Law

18. Some (possible) conclusions and prospects

 

課程詳情:

導師：Mr. Paulo Cardinal
時長：16小時（共8節）
日期：2025年05月12日 至 28日
時間：週一、三、五 19:30 – 21:30
地點：聖若瑟大學青洲校舍
語言：英語授課
模式：面授教學
學費：澳門幣 2,780
對象：公眾、法律事務從業人員（如職務涉及國際法的公共事務人員、國際關係專家或非政府組織 (NGO) 事務人員）
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參考書目

KATE PARLETT, The Individual in the International Legal System: Continuity and Change in International Law, CUP, 2011

ANNE PETERS, Beyond Human Rights – The Legal Status of the Individual in International Law, CUP, 2016

ILIAS BANTEKAS/ LUTZ OETTE, International Human Rights Law and Practice, CUP, 2020

DINAH SHELTON, Remedies in International Human Rights Law, OUP, 2015

JENNY S. MARTINEZ, The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law, OUP, 2012

ANTÓNIO AUGUSTO CANÇADO TRINDADE, The Access of Individuals to International Justice, OUP, 2011

ANTÓNIO AUGUSTO CANÇADO TRINDADE, International Law for Humankind – Towards a New Jus Gentium, Brill, 2020

ROLAND PORTMANN, Legal Personality in International Law, CUP, 2010

MARTIN SCHEININ, The ICJ and the Individual, International Community Law Review 9, 2007

CHRISTIAN TOMUSCHAT, Human rights: between idealism and realism, OUP, 2009

OLIVIER DE SCHUTTER, International Human Rights Law – Cases, Materials, Commentary, CUP, 2019

WALTER KÄLIN/JÖRG KÜNZLI, The Law of International Human Rights Protection, OUP, 2019

HURST HANNUM, Rescuing Human Rights: a radically moderate approach, CUP, 2019

HURST HANNUM/S. JAMES ANAYA/DINAH L. SHELTON/ROSA CELORIO, International Human Rights: Problems of Law, Policy, and Practice, Aspen, 2023

STEVEN WHEATLEY, The Idea of International Human Rights Law, OUP, 2019

MICHELINE ISHAY, The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era, University of California Press, 2008

WILLIAM A. SCHABAS, The Customary International Law of Human Rights, OUP, 2021

RAINER GROTE/MARIELA MORALES ANTONIAZZI/DAVIDE PARIS, Research Handbook on Compliance in International Human Rights Law, Elgar, 2021

MARCO SASSÒLI, International Humanitarian Law, Edward Elgar, 2019

NILS MELZER, International Humanitarian Law – A Comprehensive Introduction, ICRC, 2019

MARCO SASSÒLI/ ANTOINE A. BOUVIER/ANNE QUINTIN, How Does Law Protect In War?, Vol. I, Outline of International Humanitarian Law, ICRC, 2011

BEN SAUL/DAPO AKANDE, (eds), The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law, OUP, 2020

WILLIAM A. SCHABAS, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court, CUP, 2011

KRIT ZEEGERS, International Criminal Tribunals and Human Rights Law – Adherence and Contextualization, Springer, 2016

KEVIN JON HELLER, FRÉDÉRIC MÉGRET, SARAH MH NOUWEN, JENS DAVID OHLIN, DARRYL ROBINSON, The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law, 2020

KAI AMBOS, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Article-by-Article Commentary, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2022

SOPHIE RIGNEY, Fairness and Rights in International Criminal Procedure, Edinburgh, 2022

ROBERT CRYER, HAKAN FRIMAN, DARRYL ROBINSON, ELIZABETH WILMSHURST, An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, CUP, 2010

JOHN DUGARD, Diplomatic Protection and Human Rights: The Draft Articles of the International Law Commission, Australian Year Book of International Law

CHITTHARANJAN F. AMERASINGHE, Diplomatic Protection, OUP, 2008

 

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